Justification by faith & the types of the Hebrew sanctuary

The Jesus Institute Forum

A summary note

Lee F. Greer III
Loma Linda, CA
© 2001

(Last updated November 2004)
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All the festivals of the Hebrew typical system, such as Passover and the (Jubilee) Day of Atonement, have eschatological significance. One can show that they are fulfilled with first Advent of Christ and are to be consummated with His second Advent and the events following (Rev. 19-21). This pattern of type, fulfillment, and consummation was observed as concerning prophecy in the 20th century by George Eldon Ladd. In the following chart one may find a summary of how this pattern also fits the Levitical types as well as later typical festivals.

We note that with almost all of these typical festivals, an objective substitutionary atonement sacrifice is made outside the sinner upon the altar and in the sanctuary, through which God’s justice is satisfied and the believing sinner is vindicated and spared: "For the life of the flesh is in the blood; and I have given it to you upon the altar [outside the believing sinner] to make atonement for your souls: For it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul" (Lev. 17:11). This is none other than the Old Testament counterpart to justification by faith alone in the righteousness of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours. Please look up the texts and see for yourself!

*Type*	*Fulfillment*	*Consummation*
*Special types associated with the weekly seventh-day Sabbath of the Decalogue – remembrance of deliverance from Egypt and of Creation (Deut. 5; Exod. 20)* Sabbath offerings of two spotless 1st year lambs (Num. 28:9-10): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours *A remembrance of Creation (Gen. 2:1-3; Exod. 20:8-11)*	Remembrance of Creation & Redemption in Gospel rest (Gen. 1-2; Exod. 20; Mark 15 = Matt. 27 = Luke 23; Heb. 4; Romans 1-8): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Eternal Gospel rest (Heb. 4; Rev. 14:12; 21-22; Isa. 66:23; Romans 1-8) Final vindication of God's church at the Consummation): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours
Tamid – The ‘daily’ or continual burnt offerings 2 lambs of the 1st year, without spot (Num. 28:1-8) & the ordering by Aaron and his sons of the 7-lamps before the Veil from evening to morning continually (Exod. 27:20-21 = Lev. 24:1-4) with perpetual incense (Exod. 30:8, cf. II Chron. 2:4 - continual shewbread): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	The ‘daily’ = the continuously-mediated unmerited Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours: End of sacrifice & oblation with the Atonement sacrifice of Christ (Dan. 9:24-27; whole book of Hebrews): Christ’s sacrifice for sins once for all puts end to all sacrifices and offerings; Dan. 8:14 in setting of Dan. 8-9	The ‘daily’ = the continuously-mediated unmerited Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours, which will finally be restored and revealed: ‘Earth … full of knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea’ (Hab. 2:14; Isa. 11:9; Rev. 18:1; Dan. 8:14)
Purim – (Feb-Mar) book of Esther – Deliverance of God’s people when king Artixerxes stood up in judgment God's people spared in judgment: Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Deliverance of God’s people repeatedly throughout long dark centuries of delay *‘It is finished!’ (John* 19:30)** ‘Arise, O Lord’! Ascension of Christ to the right hand of God (Rev. 12; Ps. 110; Rom. 8:31-39; Hebrews; Phil. 2): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	*Final deliverance of God’s people when Michael your Prince stands up in judgment, Dan. 12:1-5; Rev. 13; 16-19* *‘It is done!’ (Rev. 16:17)* ‘Arise, O Lord’! (Isa. 2:21; etc.): Consummation vindication – Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours
1^st New moon (Mar-Apr) – Latter rains *New moons – blowing of shofar* (Lev. 23)** New moon offerings of 2 young bullocks, 1 ram, 7 lambs of the 1st year, 1 sin-offering goat; all without spot (Num. 28:11-15): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Outpouring of the Holy Spirit, Justification by faith, Acts 2 ~ Joel 2:23 – Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours *Coming of the Comforter, the Holy Spirit, to Convict the world (John* 16) Of sin = believing not in Me (Rom. 1:16-18)** Of righteousness = because I go to My Father and you see Me no more (except by faith alone = Justification by faith; Rom. 3:19-31; ch. 4-8): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours *Of judgment = because prince of this world is judged (John* 12; Rev. 12; Rom. 3; Heb. 4, 12; Rev. 14:6)**	**Rev. 18:1 – 4^th Angel lightens the world with the knowledge of God: Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours Tree of life – new fruit every month (Rev. 22; cf. Isa. 66:23)**
Pesach – The Passover (Mar-Apr): ‘When I see the blood I will pass over’ (Exod. 12:13) – Objective atonement through a substitute: Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours Passover offerings of young bullocks, rams, lambs of the 1st year, goat for sin offering; all without spot (Num. 28:16-25): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Christ our passover is slain for us (I Cor. 5:17); Christ crucified at Passover (Mark 15 = Matt. 27 = Luke 23): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Final passover deliverance of God’s people (Rev. 16; Zech. 12) – Eschatological Justification by faith alone; Isa. 31:5 – As birds flying, Lord passes over, defends, and preserves Jerusalem; Isa. 16:20 – ‘Come my people’, hide … shut your doors until indignation be overpast; Isa. 32:2 – Man [Christ] = hiding place, covert from tempest: ustification by faith alone in the imputed merits of Christ our Substitute
*Feast of unleavened bread (Mar-Apr): Lev. 23:6-7* Passover and unleavened bread festival offerings of young bullocks, rams, lambs of the 1st year, goat for sin offering; all without spot (Num. 28:16-25) – Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	The Lord’s supper – the Communion (Mark 14:22-25 = Matt. 26:26-29 = Luke 22:15-20 = I Cor. 11:23-30) Christ & Him crucified on our behalf: Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Christ our Substitute, the Bread of life – for the life of the world, entirely free from the ‘leaven’ of sin (John 6): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours
*Wave sheaf – Barley harvest (Mar-Apr): Lev. 23:10-14* Festival of the 1st fruits offerings of young bullocks, rams, lambs of the 1st year, goat for sin offering; all without spot (Num. 28:26-31): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Christ risen = first fruits (I Cor. 15: 20; 23); cf. Matt. 27: 52-53 – saints raised at Christ’s death & resurrection & converted in the early church: Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	*The ‘144,000’ = first fruits (Rev. 14:4) heard of first as '144,000' from the 12 tribes of Israel, but seen as an innumerable multitude from every tribe and nation and language (Rev. 7)* 144,000 / great multitude by faith conquering yet standing today before the Throne-Ark in their Representative (Rev. 7) – Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours
*Pentecost – feast of weeks (May/Jun – Wave loaf on 50^th day from Wave sheaf): Lev. 23:15-21* Wheat harvest (May-Jun) Grape Vintage (Jun-Sep) Festival of the wave sheaf offerings of a young bullock, rams, lambs of the 1st year, goat for sin offering; all without spot (Lev. 23: 15-21): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Pentecost outpouring of the Holy Spirit – The harvest of the early church (Acts 2 & onward): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours Wheat harvest – Early church Grape vintage – Destruction of Jerusalem	Final harvest by the Man bearing the sickle on the white cloud (Rev. 14: 14-20; Joel 3:1-21): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours Wheat harvest – All the righteous Grape vintage – Destruction of the wicked
Rosh hashanah - blowing of trumpets (Sep-Oct): Lev. 23:23-24 Rosh hashanah offerings of young bullocks, rams, lambs of the 1st year, goat for sin offering; all without spot (Num. 29:1-6): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Seven trumpets of judgment mingled with mercy (Rev. 8-11) – Mediation of Christ’s imputed righteousness in the golden censer: Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours *Outpouring of the Holy Spirit, Justification by faith, Acts* 2 ~ Joel 2: 23 Coming of the Comforter, the Holy Spirit, to convict the world (John 16) Of sin = believing not in Me (Rom. 1:16-18) Of righteousness = because I go to My Father and you see Me no more (except by faith alone = Justification by faith; Rom. 3:19-31; ch. 4-8) Of judgment = because prince of this world is judged (John 12; Rev. 12; Rom. 3; Heb. 4, 12; Rev. 14:6)**	*Outpouring of the Holy Spirit, Justification by faith, Acts* 2 ~ Joel 2:23 Coming of the Comforter, the Holy Spirit, to Convict the world (John 16) Of sin = believing not in Me (Rom. 1: 16-18) Of righteousness = because I go to My Father and you see Me no more (except by faith alone = Justification by faith; Rom. 3:19-31; ch. 4-8) Of judgment = because prince of this world is judged (John 12; Rev. 12; Rom. 3; Heb. 4, 12; Rev. 14:6) The last trump – 2^nd Advent & resurrection of the dead (I Cor. 15:52); the trump of God – the Lord himself shall descend (I Thess. 4:16)**
Yom Kippur the Day of Atonement (Sep-Oct); Ram and the Lord's goat slain as offerings for sin and the blood sprinkled on the Mercy Seat of the Ark of the Covenant in the Holiest (Lev. 23:27-32; Lev. 16): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours Day of Atonement offerings of offerings of young bullocks, rams, lambs of the 1st year, goat for sin offering; all without spot (Num. 28:26-31): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	The Atonement of Christ (Dan. 8:13-14 = Dan. 9:24-27; Hebrews; Mark 15:37-38 = Matthew 27:50-52 = Luke 23:44-45; Heb. 1:3; 10:19-20; 6:19-20; 4:16-18; 9:7-8, 23-25; 13:11b; Rom. 3:1-31 - 5:1; John 12 = Rev. 12 – Judgment of the whole world & of Satan; Dan. 7:9-14, 22, 26-27 = Rev. 12): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours Heb. 4:14; 6:19-20; 9:12, 25: "Therefore having a great High Priest having passed through the heavens.... entering within the innermost veil where Jesus entered a Forerunner on our behalf, a High Priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.... through His own blood [He] entered once for all into the Holiest [ta ‘agia] having procured eternal redemption for us.... even as the high priest enters into the Holiest [ta ‘agia] every year with blood not his own" =Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	The Consummation of the Atonement of Christ: Dan. 8:13-14 = Dan. 9:24-27; Hebrews; Dan. 7:9-14, 22, 26-27; Dan. 12:1-5; Rev. 11:15-19: Judgment: Eschatological vindication of God & His people (Rev. 22:11; Phil. 3:9): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours *Final restoration of God’s children and the New Earth inheritance: Rev. 21-22.*
Jubilee Day of Atonement (Sep-Oct) every 49 years or 7 ‘Sabbaths of years’: Lev. 16, 25-26 – Once every 50 years, all debts and debt bondage were cancelled and inheritances restored because on the 49^th year Day of Atonement, the LORD himself became Redeemer and Surety through the substitutionary sacrifice on the mercy seat of the Ark of the Covenant: Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours Day of Atonement offerings of offerings of young bullocks, rams, lambs of the 1st year, goat for sin offering; all without spot (Num. 28: 26-31): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Antitypical Jubilee Day of Atonement: Seventy ‘weeks of years’ or ‘Sabbaths of years’ to finish transgression, end sins, make atonement, anoint the Holiest, and pour out evil on the desolator, Dan. 8-9; II Chronicles 36; Isa. 61, 63; Luke 4 – Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours (Dan. 8:13-14 = Dan. 9:24-27; Hebrews; Mark 15:37-38 = Matthew 27:50-52 = Luke 23:44-45; Heb. 1:3; 10:19-20; 6:19-20; 4:16-18; 9:7-8, 23-25; 13:11b; Rom. 3:1-31 - 5:1; John 12 = Rev. 12: Judgment of the whole world & of Satan; Dan. 7: 9-14, 22, 26-27 = Rev. 12): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours Heb. 4:14; 6:19-20; 9:12, 25: "Therefore having a great High Priest having passed through the heavens.... entering within the innermost veil where Jesus entered a Forerunner on our behalf, a High Priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.... through His own blood [He] entered once for all into the Holies(t) [ta ‘agia] having procured eternal redemption on our beahlf.... even as the high priest enters into the Holies(t) [ta ‘agia] every year with blood not his own" =Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	The Consummation of the Atonement of Christ: Dan. 8:13-14 = Dan. 9:24-27; Hebrews; Dan. 7:9-14, 22, 26-27; Dan. 12:1-5; Rev. 11:15-19 – Judgment: Eschatological vindication of God & His people – Rev. 22: 11; Phil. 3:9 – Justification by faith alone in the imputed merits of Christ our Substitute *Final restoration of God’s children and the New Earth inheritance: Rev. 21-22.*
Sukhot - Feast of Ingathering / Tabernacles & Holy Convocation (Sep-Oct): Lev. 23:34-43, 36, 39 Sukhot offerings of a multitude of bullocks, rams, and lambs of the first year, one goat for a sin offering; all without spot (Num. 29: 12-35): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	The Incarnation of Christ: The Word made flesh tabernacle[d] among us (John 1:14); the secret of His tabernacle in time of trouble (Ps. 27:5); pavilion – secret of Your presence (Ps. 31:20); cf. Ps. 18 Sukhot ~ Calvary): Justification by faith alone in the imputed merits of Christ our Substitute	Final deliverance of God’s people – whoever is wearing the wedding garment of Christ’s imputed righteousness (Rev. 3:14-21; Matt. 22:1-14): This is the secret of His tabernacle in the time of trouble (Ps. 27:5); pavilion – secret of Your presence (Ps. 31:20); cf. Ps. 18 Sukhot ~ Calvary); cf. Isa. 16:20; 32:2 – Justification by faith alone in the imputed merits of Christ our Substitute
Hanukkah, Feast of Dedication, festival of lights (Dec / midwinter): Cleansing and rededication of temple at time of the Maccabean Reformation (I Maccabees) Translators of the Septuagint Greek Old Testament Scriptures applied the "cleansing of the sanctuary" in the Maccabean Reformation to the their translation of the "cleansing of the sanctuary" of Dan. 8:14 LXX – Jubilee Day of Atonement Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Christ’s Incarnation = Dedication of the ‘New Temple’ of His body: Dan. 8: 13-14 = Dan. 9:24-27; John 1:14; Ps. 40 ~ Heb. 10 – flesh=veil; Holiest=God’s law in His heart; John 2:13-22; Mark 14:58; Matt. 26:61; Mark 15:38 = Matt. 27:51 = Luke 23:45 – Inner veil torn = His torn and broken body, Heb. 10:20; cf. Rev. 21:22) *Christ at the feast of dedication in winter (John* 10:22)** Dedication of the heavenly sanctuary by His Christ & Him crucified: Dan. 8:13-14 = Dan. 9: 24-27; Heb. 19:19-20 – He ‘dedicated a new, living way through the veil [dia tou katapetasmatos], that is, His flesh, into the Holies(t) [tw/n agiw/n] where we can with boldness approach the ‘throne of grace’ (Heb. 4:16): Justification by faith alone in the righteous merits of Christ our Substitute reckoned ours	Acknowledged in type and prophecy by Christ: He kept the feast of dedication (midwinter) in John 10: 22; and alluded to 1^st Maccabees in Mark 13 = Matt. 24 = Luke 21, but reapplied it to the future, including the ‘time of trouble’ of Dan. 12. Dan. 8:13-14 – 'Vindication of the sanctuary' ultimately includes the creation of a new heavens and a new earth which righteousness dwells where the former things are remembered no more (II Peter 3:13; Isa. 65:17; 66:22; Rev. 21-22). Dan. 8:13-14 – Sanctuary finally vindicated; Tabernacle of God is with men; no more sorrow or evil, ‘former things are passed away’, no more Temple because the Atonement is now not only complete but completed; God & the Lamb are the temple (Rev. 21:1-5, 22-27)

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